Bonfante, Larissa.  Barbarians of Ancient Europe: Realities and Interactions.  New York: Cambridge, 2011.

  Burns, Thomas S.  Rome and the Barbarians, 100 BC - AD 400.  Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 2003.

  Drinkwater, John F.  Alamanni and Rome, 213-496.  Oxford: Oxford, 2007.

  Heather, Peter.  Empires And Barbarians: Migration, Development And The Birth Of Europe.  New York: Oxford, 2010.

  _____.  Goths.  Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 1998.

  _____.  Goths and Romans, 332-489.  Oxford: Clarendon, 1991.

  James, Edward.  Franks.  Oxford: Blackwell, 1988.

Kulikowski, Michael.  Rome's Gothic Wars: From the Third Century to Alaric.  New York: Cambridge, 2007.

  Maenchen-Helfen, Otto.  World of the Huns.  Berkeley: California, 2004.

  Thompson, E. A.  Huns.  Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 1999.

  Todd, Malcolm.  Early Germans, 2nd ed.  Oxford: Blackwell, 2004.

  Wells, Peter S.  Barbarians Speak: How the Conquered Peoples Shaped Roman Europe.  Princeton: Princeton, 1999.

  Williams, J. H. C.  Beyond the Rubicon: Romans and Gauls in Republican Italy.  Oxford: Oxford, 2001.

  Wolfram, Herwig.  History of the Goths, trans. by Thomas Dunlap.  Berkeley: California, 1988.

_____.  Roman Empire and Its Germanic Peoples, trans. Thomas Dunlap.  Berkeley: California, 1997.