• General

•   Davies, Penelope J. E.  Death and the Emperor: Roman Imperial Monuments From Augustus to Marcus Aurelius.  Cambridge: Cambridge, 2000.

•   Dennison, Matthew.  Twelve Caesars: The Dramatic Lives of the Emperors of Rome.  New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2014.

• Fishwick, Duncan.  Imperial Cult in the Latin West: Studies in the Ruler Cult of the Western Provinces of the Roman Empire, 3 vols.  Leiden, The Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1987-2005.

•   Gradel, Ittai.  Emperor Worship and Roman Religion.  Oxford: Clarendon, 2002.

• Grant, Michael.  Roman Emperors: A Biographical Guide to the Rulers of Imperial Rome, 31 BC - AD 476.  London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1996.

•   Millar, Fergus.  Emperor in the Roman World, rev. ed.  London: Duckworth, 1992.

•   Price, Simon R. F.  Rituals and Power: The Roman Imperial Cult in Asia Minor.  Cambridge: Cambridge, 1984.

•   Scarre, Chris.  Chronicle of the Roman Emperors.  London: Thames and Hudson, 1995.

• Taylor, Lily Ross.  Divinity of the Roman Emperor.  Middletown, Conn.: American Philological Association, 1931.

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Individual Emperors

• Julio-Claudian Dynasty

•   Levick, Barbara.  Tiberius the Politician.  London: Thames and Hudson, 1976.

•   Shotter, David.  Tiberius Caesar, 2nd ed.  New York: Routledge, 2004.

•   Seager, Robin.  Tiberius.  Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2005.

•   Barrett, Anthony.  Caligula: The Corruption of Power.  New Haven: Yale, 1990.

•   Winterling, Aloys.  Caligula: A Biography, trans. Deborah Lucas Schneider.  Berkeley: California, 2009.

•   Levick, Barbara.  Claudius.  London: Batsford, 1990.

• Momigliano, A. D.  Claudius: The Emperor and His Achievement, trans. W. D. Hogarth.  Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1934.

•   Osgood, Josiah.  Claudius Caesar: Image and Power in the Early Roman Empire.  Cambridge: Cambridge, 2010.

• Buckley, Emma and Dinter, Martin, eds.  Companion to the Neronian Age.  Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.

•   Champlin, Edward.  Nero.  Cambridge: Harvard, 2003.

•   Dando-Collins, Stephen.  Great Fire of Rome: The Fall of the Emperor Nero and His City.  New York: Da Capo, 2010.

• Griffin, Miriam.  Nero: The End of A Dynasty.  New Haven: Yale, 1987.

•   Shotter, David.  Nero, 2nd ed.  London: Routledge, 2005.

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  Year Of The Four Emperors And Flavian Dynasty

•   Levick, Barbara.  Vespasian.  New York: Routledge, 1999.

• Jones, Brian W.  Emperor Titus.  London, Croon Helm, 1984.

•   _____.  Emperor Domitian.  New York: Routledge, 1992.

•   Granger, John D.  Nerva and the Roman Succession Crisis of Ad 96-99.  New York: Routledge, 2003.

•   Birley, Anthony R.  Hadrian: The Restless Emperor.  New York: Routledge, 1997.

•   Boatwright, Mary T.  Hadrian and the Cities of the Roman Empire.  Princeton: Princeton, 2000.

•   Everitt, Anthony.  Hadrian And The Triumph Of Rome.  Head Of Zeus, 2013.

•   MacDonald, William L. and Pinto, John A.  Hadrian's Villa and Its Legacy.  New Haven: Yale, 1995.

•   Opper, Thorsten.  Hadrian: Empire and Conflict.  Cambridge: Harvard, 2008.

•   Bennett, Julian.  Trajan: Optimus Princeps.  New York: Routledge, 2000.

• Birley, Anthony R.  Marcus Aurelius: A Biography, 2nd ed.  London: Routledge, 1987.

•   McLynn, Frank.  Marcus Aurelius: A Life.  New York: Da Capo, 2010.

• Rutherford, R. B.  Meditations of Marcus Aurelius: A Study.  New York: Oxford, 1989.

•   Van Ackeren, Marcel, ed.  Companion to Marcus Aurelius.  Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.

•   Hekster, Olivier.  Commodus: An Emperor at the Crossroads.  Amsterdam: J. C. Gieben, 2002.

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  Emperors, 193 CE - 284 CE

• Birley, Anthony Richard.  Septimus Severus: The African Emperor.  New York: Routledge, 1999.

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Tetrarch And Constantinian Dynasty

•   Holloway, R. Ross.  Constantine and Rome.  New Haven: Yale, 2004.

•   Lenski, Noel, ed.  Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine.  Cambridge: Cambridge, 2005.

•   Lieu, Samuel N. C. and Montserrat, Dominic, eds.  Constantine: History, Historiography and Legend.  New York: Routledge, 1998.

•   Odahl, Charles M.  Constantine and the Christian Empire.  New York: Routledge, 2004.

•   Stephenson, Paul.  Constantine: Roman Emperor, Christian Victor.  New York: Overlook 2010.

•   Van Dam, Raymond.  Roman Revolution of Constantine.  Cambridge: Cambridge, 2007.

•   Athanassiadi, Polyminia.  Julian: An Intellectual Biography.  New York: Routledge, 1992.

•   Bowersock, Glen Warren.  Julian the Apostate.  Cambridge: Harvard, 1978.

•   Murdoch, Adrian.  Last Pagan: Julian The Apostate and the Death of the Ancient World.  London: Sutton, 2004.

•   Rees, Roger.  Diocletian and the Tetrarchy.  Edinburgh: Edinburgh, 2004.

•   Smith, Rowland B. E.  Julian's Gods: Religion and Philosophy in the Thought and Action of Julian the Apostate.  New York: Routledge, 1995.

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  Later Empire

•   Lenski, Noel.  Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century AD.  Berkeley: California, 2003.

•   Williams, Stephen and Friell, Gerald.  Theodosius: The Empire at Bay.  London: Batsford, 1994.

• Millar, Fergus.  Greek Roman Empire: Power and Belief Under Theodosius II (408-450).  Berkeley: California, 2003.